How to add message history
This guide assumes familiarity with the following concepts:
The RunnableWithMessageHistory lets us add message history to certain types of chains.
Specifically, it can be used for any Runnable that takes as input one of
- a sequence of
BaseMessages - a dict with a key that takes a sequence of
BaseMessage - a dict with a key that takes the latest message(s) as a string or sequence of
BaseMessage, and a separate key that takes historical messages
And returns as output one of
- a string that can be treated as the contents of an
AIMessage - a sequence of
BaseMessage - a dict with a key that contains a sequence of
BaseMessage
Let's take a look at some examples to see how it works.
Setupβ
We'll use Upstash to store our chat message histories and Anthropic's claude-2 model so we'll need to install the following dependencies:
- npm
- Yarn
- pnpm
npm install @langchain/anthropic @langchain/community @upstash/redis
yarn add @langchain/anthropic @langchain/community @upstash/redis
pnpm add @langchain/anthropic @langchain/community @upstash/redis
You'll need to set environment variables for ANTHROPIC_API_KEY and grab your Upstash REST url and secret token.
LangSmithβ
LangSmith is especially useful for something like message history injection, where it can be hard to otherwise understand what the inputs are to various parts of the chain.
Note that LangSmith is not needed, but it is helpful. If you do want to use LangSmith, after you sign up at the link above, make sure to uncoment the below and set your environment variables to start logging traces:
export LANGCHAIN_TRACING_V2="true"
export LANGCHAIN_API_KEY="<your-api-key>"
# Reduce tracing latency if you are not in a serverless environment
# export LANGCHAIN_CALLBACKS_BACKGROUND=true
Let's create a simple runnable that takes a dict as input and returns a BaseMessage.
In this case the "question" key in the input represents our input message, and the "history" key is where our historical messages will be injected.
import {
ChatPromptTemplate,
MessagesPlaceholder,
} from "@langchain/core/prompts";
import { ChatAnthropic } from "@langchain/anthropic";
import { UpstashRedisChatMessageHistory } from "@langchain/community/stores/message/upstash_redis";
// For demos, you can also use an in-memory store:
// import { ChatMessageHistory } from "langchain/stores/message/in_memory";
const prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.fromMessages([
["system", "You're an assistant who's good at {ability}"],
new MessagesPlaceholder("history"),
["human", "{question}"],
]);
const chain = prompt.pipe(
new ChatAnthropic({ model: "claude-3-sonnet-20240229" })
);
Adding message historyβ
To add message history to our original chain we wrap it in the RunnableWithMessageHistory class.
Crucially, we also need to define a getMessageHistory() method that takes a sessionId string and based on it returns a BaseChatMessageHistory. Given the same input, this method should return an equivalent output.
In this case, we'll also want to specify inputMessagesKey (the key to be treated as the latest input message) and historyMessagesKey (the key to add historical messages to).
import { RunnableWithMessageHistory } from "@langchain/core/runnables";
const chainWithHistory = new RunnableWithMessageHistory({
runnable: chain,
getMessageHistory: (sessionId) =>
new UpstashRedisChatMessageHistory({
sessionId,
config: {
url: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL!,
token: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN!,
},
}),
inputMessagesKey: "question",
historyMessagesKey: "history",
});
Invoking with configβ
Whenever we call our chain with message history, we need to include an additional config object that contains the session_id
{
configurable: {
sessionId: "<SESSION_ID>";
}
}
Given the same configuration, our chain should be pulling from the same chat message history.
const result = await chainWithHistory.invoke(
{
ability: "math",
question: "What does cosine mean?",
},
{
configurable: {
sessionId: "foobarbaz",
},
}
);
console.log(result);
/*
AIMessage {
content: 'Cosine refers to one of the basic trigonometric functions. Specifically:\n' +
'\n' +
'- Cosine is one of the three main trigonometric functions, along with sine and tangent. It is often abbreviated as cos.\n' +
'\n' +
'- For a right triangle with sides a, b, and c (where c is the hypotenuse), cosine represents the ratio of the length of the adjacent side (a) to the length of the hypotenuse (c). So cos(A) = a/c, where A is the angle opposite side a.\n' +
'\n' +
'- On the Cartesian plane, cosine represents the x-coordinate of a point on the unit circle for a given angle. So if you take an angle ΞΈ on the unit circle, the cosine of ΞΈ gives you the x-coordinate of where the terminal side of that angle intersects the circle.\n' +
'\n' +
'- The cosine function has a periodic waveform that oscillates between 1 and -1. Its graph forms a cosine wave.\n' +
'\n' +
'So in essence, cosine helps relate an angle in a right triangle to the ratio of two of its sides. Along with sine and tangent, it is foundational to trigonometry and mathematical modeling of periodic functions.',
name: undefined,
additional_kwargs: {
id: 'msg_01QnnAkKEz7WvhJrwLWGbLBm',
type: 'message',
role: 'assistant',
model: 'claude-3-sonnet-20240229',
stop_reason: 'end_turn',
stop_sequence: null
}
}
*/
const result2 = await chainWithHistory.invoke(
{
ability: "math",
question: "What's its inverse?",
},
{
configurable: {
sessionId: "foobarbaz",
},
}
);
console.log(result2);
/*
AIMessage {
content: 'The inverse of the cosine function is the arcsine or inverse sine function, often written as sinβ1(x) or sin^{-1}(x).\n' +
'\n' +
'Some key properties of the inverse cosine function:\n' +
'\n' +
'- It accepts values between -1 and 1 as inputs and returns angles from 0 to Ο radians (0 to 180 degrees). This is the inverse of the regular cosine function, which takes angles and returns the cosine ratio.\n' +
'\n' +
'- It is also called cosβ1(x) or cos^{-1}(x) (read as "cosine inverse of x").\n' +
'\n' +
'- The notation sinβ1(x) is usually preferred over cosβ1(x) since it relates more directly to the unit circle definition of cosine. sinβ1(x) gives the angle whose sine equals x.\n' +
'\n' +
'- The arcsine function is one-to-one on the domain [-1, 1]. This means every output angle maps back to exactly one input ratio x. This one-to-one mapping is what makes it the mathematical inverse of cosine.\n' +
'\n' +
'So in summary, arcsine or inverse sine, written as sinβ1(x) or sin^{-1}(x), gives you the angle whose cosine evaluates to the input x, undoing the cosine function. It is used throughout trigonometry and calculus.',
additional_kwargs: {
id: 'msg_01PYRhpoUudApdJvxug6R13W',
type: 'message',
role: 'assistant',
model: 'claude-3-sonnet-20240229',
stop_reason: 'end_turn',
stop_sequence: null
}
}
*/
Looking at the Langsmith trace for the second call, we can see that when constructing the prompt, a "history" variable has been injected which is a list of two messages (our first input and first output).